#x-ray
machine#1. The realization of the need for conventional radiation digitized
By the
late 20th century, the development of computer technology, human society has
undergone enormous changes, which already is an indisputable fact. As the
computer operating system giant - the United States, Microsoft Chairman Bill
Gates said: twenty-first century will be the century of the biological
sciences. The research and development of biological sciences
The
fundamental purpose is to serve humanity itself. Medicine is most closely
connected with our human life science, because the object it is the direct
study of humanity itself. The study of morphological changes, medical research
is one of the most important way, radiological precisely at the forefront of
medical morphology. This is the medical radiological located in modern science
category status. The development of technology, improvement of living
standards, people are increasingly concerned about their health. We have a
responsibility to the latest achievements of today's science and technology
development, applied to human health services to meet the growing needs of
people. The conventional digital radiography represents the latest development
of computer technology in the medical field.
"System
has gradually been" replaced by medical insurance "system. Patients
to designated hospitals for medical treatment from the past, into the present
have more right to choose the hospital. These changes to hospital services,
development and even survival, have raised the The new requirements of advanced
diagnostic equipment, advanced management concepts, advanced medical
technology, patients will undoubtedly play a decisive role in the choice of
hospital, the hospital is also an important means of attracting and retaining
patients.
To meet
the fierce competition in the medical market will emerge, the hospital is
necessary from now on be prepared to respond to changing circumstances. If you
still like the past: do not pay attention to economic accounting, not discuss a
cost, there will be no way out. Only the hospital running the direct or
indirect costs minimized; unified, rational allocation of resources throughout
the hospital, in order to maintain the competitiveness of the hospital, as well
as long-term, stable, healthy and sustainable development. The radiographic
digitized fundamental purpose is "filmless" (ifl m les s): developer,
fixer, washing machine, darkroom staff, even darkroom itself is no longer
needed. This is to reduce operating costs, improve labor efficiency, reduce
pollution and protect the environment, raise the possibility.
With the
progress of the development of the medical profession, the hospital's mode of
social functioning from the original single "visit a doctor" model,
that is "external services" based model, into a patient and services
necessary to meet the "external services" mode, but also to meet
domestic medical professionals, in-house staff the various needs of
"domestic service" models coexist. The only way to improve medical
quality, improve service levels. Before that in response to the consultation,
case discussion, or writing medical papers, and spend a few days time, a search
of the entire film library to find information in the case of archives, should
no longer happen.
If
carefully Some will find: state medical regulations are quietly changing, the
gradual introduction passage way with international standards. That is, from
the past to the hospital as the center, into a patient interests as the
starting point of pattern. Our judicial system is one of "who accused, who
proof." But there was a dispute in the medical treatment, from the
perspective of protecting the weak and the interests of the people starting
from the past by the patient presented evidence that medical errors or
malpractice; being transferred to a hospital and evidence is not a medical
error or medical direction of the incident up. Therefore, as the film image of
one of the important medical documents, will play a role in protecting the
hospital itself, and its internal personnel is important evidence. But the loss
of the film image, after damage, is unable to reproduce. Digital images can
solve this problem..
Image
quality is good or bad the film image in the moment of exposure have been
identified. Meet the requirements, or do not meet the requirements, it can not
be changed again. If a technical mistake, only to again. This will result in
the patient and the operator again radiation damage; increased losses of the
machine; film waste of resources, and so on. Digital images can be put an end
to these situations fundamentally.
Internet
(interne t) and PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System, image storage
and transmission systems) appears, for the Digital Hospital (Digital Hospital),
telemedicine (tele a medicine) may bring. But you want to assign into practice,
we must first realize the digitization of information, of course, including digital
imaging information. These can also be said that conventional radiographic
digitized significance. So, in what ways, and how to digitize conventional
radiography it? This used to be for many years, many people of goal. CR and DR
technologies emerge, brought us a ray of hope.
C R and D
R imaging technology
CR
(Computed Radiography Computed Radiography), CR was first developed by Kodak
(KODAK), Japan's Fuji was first commercialized. It is the use of
light-sensitive material image plate (lmaging Plate IP) on - fluorine barium
halide crystals (Barium Fluorohalide) after X-ray irradiation, electron energy
obtained therein, leapt to a higher energy level, causing changes in the
crystal structure . Analog image thus formed, to form a latent image left in
the IP board, this is the first fire. IP plate after laser scanning
fluorescence of the electron in the form of energy is released, and then back
to the original level, this is the second shot. Fluorescence emitted by a
photomultiplier tube to collect, converted to electrical signals, after
computer processing to form a digital image. This is C R imaging principle. CR
technology is the most important feature: you can directly digitize the
original X-ray machines without any modification to the machine, or purchase
new equipment in addition to other laser scanners outside. lP board as X-ray
film, as installed in a special magazine, repeatedly. Therefore, it can be
easily used in the mobile X-ray equipment, such as bedside radiography, mobile
C-arm and the like; of course, can be used on all stationary X-ray film
equipment. CR technology is inadequate: it is a kind of indirect conversion,
indirect readout mode, can not be avoided in the image information processing,
there is a scattering and information loss and other issues. Moreover, soft IP
plate during use, between the laser scanner mechanical friction, impact IP
board of life, about life in general IP board from 3000 to 1000. In other
words: It is actually a consumable operation must be constantly updated.
DR (Digital
Radiography; digital radiography), DR type and brand variety, its imaging
principle is also different; but they are using the principle of photoelectric
conversion of digitization. Segmentation, classification in photoelectric
conversion way: there is a transformation;Secondary transformation;Direct
conversion;Indirect conversion, etc To probe the structure of Classification:
overall flat type splicing pattern line scan type. Such as: the use of line
scanning method are: low-dose digital X-ray machines use a flat-panel digital
detector technology are: CCD lotus silicon
detector; Amorphous selenium detectors. Overall, in addition to low-dose
digital x-ray machine is used to scan mode imaging, all flat detectors are
based on direct imaging exposure; therefore, not only a good spatial
resolution, time resolution is also very good. So you can manually digitized
moving images of conventional radiotherapy. This is the flat-panel detectors
occupy a dominant market position in an important reason.
Conventional
radiography can be divided into static images and motion pictures into two
categories. Their respective digitally is not quite the same. Static
conventional radiographic digitization: Includes all plain film radiology taken
daily, making the film (such as the head, limbs, chest and abdomen, intravenous
urography, etc.), these images are available through CR or DR approach to
digitization. Previous opponents to shoot film, film scanners can be used, will
be converted into digital information after the film scanning. Dynamic
conventional radiographic digitization: mainly refers to chest X-ray,
gastrointestinal barium meal, and all dynamic imaging. These images CR and
low-dose digital X-ray machine is powerless: Only with the image intensifier +
CCD (or camera tube) approach, as well as flat-type detector can be used for
dynamic tests. And with the dynamic flat detectors of practical, image
intensifier way will gradually fade into history. Today, many foreign companies
have launched a dynamic flat detector, but the image area is only 9 x9 inches
in size; and the United States HO -L OGI C is investigating 14 xl 7-inch
dynamic flat detector.
3 Summary
Digital is
the fundamental way out and the only way of conventional radiography. If you do
not go this way, it can not meet the needs of their work routine radiation, and
the patient's medical care, the growing demand for quality health care, can not
keep up the pace of development. Regardless of whether the hospital is now the
only way one has realized the importance of conventional radiographic
digitization, which will be established conventional radiation direction of
development, this trend will not change. Just that you are consciously or
unconsciously active, or passive; go early or late to go this route only. Of course,
it also involves people upfront capital investment (due to the amount of use of
the film decreased or disappeared, and no darkroom aspect of consumption, the
cost is gradually recovered), the image on the computer used by the staff
retraining and other issues
From the
technology point of view, combined with the current situation in Europe, the
United States and other developed areas: c R and DR technology in the future
will continue to coexist for some time, but no doubt it will replace DR CR.
After the CR will play a supporting role in the DR, used in applications such:
emergency room. Wards, operating theaters. Orthopedics reset other places.
Therefore, the proposed newly intend to introduce digital technology to the
hospital should be fully aware of this trend, in the selection of priority DR,
or DR based, CR supplement. Especially when the two fairly priced, even more
so. Avoid duplication of investment, ineffective investment.
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